Nets
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Apple Valley, MN. 55124  USA
Phone:  952-738-1653
E-mail: koiValley@yahoo.com
Some Common Abbreviations
Some Common Abbreviations Associated with Koi:

Kh = carbonate hardness, or for many hobbyists, total alkalinity, usually measured in PPM

PPM = parts per million

GH = general hardness of your tap or pond water, measured in grains or in PPM

PP= potassium permanganate(KMn04), a strong oxidizer, used for parasite control and reduction of organics

FMG = formaldehyde and malachite green, ProformC is a common trade name, used for parasite control

ANN = ammonia, nitrite and nitrate, the primary tests for water problems

IP = intraperitoneal injection, the injection site in front of the vent behind the ventral fins and just off to the side of
an imaginary "centerline", at approximately 15 degrees with the needle pointed toward the head

IM = injection site in the muscular region of the body either side of the dorsal, not for the untrained

SAP = saprolegnia, the genus of water molds responsible for significant fungal infections of freshwater fish and
eggs

ST = sodium thiosulfate, a dechlorinator commonly in crystal form but also in liquid, goes by many trade names
but most do about the same thing

DIY = Do It Yourself

GFCI = a moisture-sensitive circuit breaker, a very good thing to have in the electrical box for pond use, in most
areas it is code

Scrape and Scope = a procedure which can help identify parasites with a microscope, a microscope is equally
as valuable as medications, perfect water conditions, and your most expensive fish

FPH = Frogs Per Hour, skimmers trap them and the pump can grind them up, try to screen your pumps
adequately to prevent his from happening